Which term is used to describe systemic differences in health that adversely affect groups of people?

The term that specifically refers to systemic differences in health that adversely affect groups of people is "Health disparities." This concept encompasses the measurable differences in health outcomes and access to care that are often correlated with social, economic, and environmental factors, including race, ethnicity, gender, and geographic location.

Health disparities highlight the unequal burden of disease and the lack of access to resources that certain populations face compared to others. For instance, certain groups may experience higher rates of chronic illnesses or have limited access to healthcare services, which can perpetuate cycles of poor health and socioeconomic disadvantage.

The other terms, while related, do not capture the same essence as health disparities. Health equity focuses on the ideal of achieving fair and just opportunities for everyone to attain their highest level of health, without referring directly to the adverse effects seen in specific groups. Social justice pertains to the broader philosophical framework and principles concerning the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society. Health inequities are often used interchangeably with health disparities but tend to emphasize the unjust nature of the differences, focusing specifically on those that are preventable or unjust. Thus, while related, "Health disparities" is the most accurate term for the systemic differences that negatively impact specific groups.